1鎴戜滑(huá )
杩欐槸鏄粠(🐋)鐢靛(diàn )奖銆婇冨嚭(🧟)缁濆懡(💝)闀囥(kàng )嬪紩璧峰法澶弽鍝嶇(🐼)(qū )殑(🌫)瀵兼紨涔斾腹(🙏)路鐨皵鐨勭浜岄儴浣(🕟)滃(wēng )搧銆p2灏(hào )稿彉
1989骞(💵)(qiān )存棣栨鍥藉唴(🔴)涓婃槧鍚庯紝鏄鎭(✳)愭(📘)栫數褰辫糠鐨勬杩(🌮)庯紝鑷繁鍒朵綔(😵)浜閮p2013骞寸炕鎷嶆(cáo )寮忎(rén )笂鏄犲悗(🏛)锛屾穻婕撳敖鑷(😉)村湴灞曠幇浜(🔢)嗕笌鍓嶄綔杩(⛪)劧涓(➡)嶅悓鐨勬亹(😖)鎬栨劅銆(🐁)p
鐢靛奖鐨勬(⏰)晠浜嬫儏鑺(qú )傚苟涓嶇(qū )揣寮狅紝浣嗕細鍙堝嚭鐜(duī )板緢澶氭(dōng )畫閰风殑鍦洪潰锛屾(shēn )墍浠垜鎴(xí )戝缓璁(cōng )綘蹇冭剰杈冨(🎛)急(jí )鐨勪汉(hàn )瑕佹敞(chǎng )鎰忓(🕉)啀鐪(🚋)嬨p
3鍝常濂充汉(💽)鐨勮瘏鍜h1涓庡彲浠仛鍒扮殑鎭(🎳)愭栫墖(tǎ(🔶) )鐩(suì )告瘮婕斿憳浠穻婕撳(📬)敖鑷村湴(〽)灞(🕗)曠(🌤)(kuàng )幇浜嗕笉涓(juā(🎎)n )嶆嫎鐨勬(🆒)晠浜嬫(róng )瀯鎴愬拰(🏓)楂樿秴鐨勬妧鑹(🏔)虹殑婕旀妧銆p
姣旇緝鍠滄瀹夐瓊椋庢牸鐨勭數褰变汉鑲畾浼氶櫡鍏湴鐙辫(biàn )浣滃搧(🗾)鐨勯瓍鍔涗腑銆p
4娣卞叆缁(zī )濆湴
杩欓儴(👓)浣滃搧浠富瑙掑拰(⚽)鏈嬪弸浠嫭(hù )鑷梾琛屾椂鍦礊绌翠(🤙)腑杩(mà )疯矾鐨(♟)勫満闈(wéi )氨寮(📵)濮嬨p浠礊绌翠负鑳屾櫙锛屽(àn )皢(😩)(xiǎo )鎭愭栨皼鍥存洿澶(🐯)寲锛(bēn )屽垵娆粡鍘嗗(🐵)(wā )皝闂亹(🥗)鎯棁鐨勪(🦍)汉涓嶉傚悎瑙傜湅銆p
5闃撮闃甸樀
闃撮(🌝)闃甸(😗)樀鍘熻憲鏄(🆘)977骞(🔐)存墠涓(🐺)婃(👾)槧鐨(❣)勪綔鍝(🥕)佺劍韬佷笉瀹夈p2018骞寸(🐪)敱(🐯)鍗崱(zè(🎮) )路鏍艰揪(⛲)鎴堝凹璇哄婕旇(🅱)缈绘媿鎵(🔝)嶄笂鏄狅(😖)紝寰楀埌浜(🔱)嗘亹鎬(🐵)栫埍濂借(jiè )呯殑娆吘鍙嶅(áo )簲銆(mò )p
鐢靛奖(👺)鏁呬簨(zhuàn )鏄紝鏇垮(🌤)垰(👍)鍒(🤢)氳(yūn )繘鍏垶韫堝闄紝浠庣編鍥(🐛)藉洖鍒版煆(duàn )鏋楃殑鑻忚鍦偅(🚯)閲屾墍(jì(🔛) )閬囧埌(💎)鐨勪护浜烘(hōng )瘺楠倸鐒跺(duò )拰寮烘倣鐨勭粡楠(🎲)屼负鍩虹灞曞紑銆p
浠壊鎰熷拰璁捐銆佺収(🕣)鏄庣瓑浜(🐶)氶(⛽)閫婄殑(🥇)(qíng )瑙(👟)(nǎ(🎗)o )嗚鏁堟灉钀(yǐ )犲嚭(pǐ )鏋佸叾鎭愭栫殑姘(pīn )涘洿銆(🎀)p
6瀹夊璐濆皵(💰)3锛堥(📻)濞(🏞)冨洖瀹(🥈)讹級
鍐典笖鏄(🍯)病鏈夌(líng )湅(🎿)杩囪繖閮綔鍝(🔓)侊紝涔(cén )熶細鏈夊緢澶氫汉(hàn )鍚杩囧畨濞滆礉灏旈偅涓悕瀛(㊙)椼p浠伓鐏典笅韬殑鐜(duī )伓瀹(🍞)夊璐濆(👤)皵(🖇)涓(juān )虹礌鏉愬(📰)埗鍋(🈺)氱殑杩欓儴(xiāng )褰辩墖锛屽(àn )湪鍥藉唴涔熸嫢鏈夋暟鍗冪矇涓濈兢銆(🐽)p
7瀛効(⛹)鎬h1瀛(yíng )効鎬(🏫)繖閮綔鍝(yú(🧖) )佽浜嗕簡娴(xián )佷骇(hài )绗笁鑳庣殑澶鎵(jiā )句汉棰嗗(wā )吇9宀(📔)佸皯濂(lián )冲悗绐佺(quá(🦄)n )劧(😠)鍙戠敓鐨勪簨浠躲(🍱)p
涓(🉐)讳(🍒)汉鍏紛鑾庤礉鎷(🉐)壜峰紬灏(❄)旀浖浠(🚱)粏鑵绘(huì(💺) )煍婊(🌮)戠殑婕(🚱)旀妧鍜屽弽杞殑鏁呬簨鍏呭(🥣)垎灞(🚧)曠(kuàng )幇浜嗘绁(💁)(xiè )炴(🛶)亹鎬栥(📥)p
杩欐槸灞曢湶鍑(fù )洪兘(⛓)鏄亣鐨勬紨鎶(gē )鐨勪紛鑾庤(zhì )礉鎷壜峰(❌)紬灏旀浖鐨(fèi )勫舰鎬(gǎo )佽(🛬)疆寤撲(💂)綔鍝侊(guāng )紝瑕佹(guī )槸(yì )寰堝枩娆亹鎬(gǎo )栨儕鎮氱墖鐨(🎣)勮瘽鑾(🔓)悕鎺崘缁欏瀹(😕)躲p
8楝兼潵鐢h12000骞翠(✏)唬鍒濇湡鎴戜滑鏃父鐢熸(🦐)椿蹇呴闅忚韩鎼哄甫(fǔ )鐨(🥏)(fèi )勬(🥇)墜(zhuì )鏈轰笅涓鐣屾亹(wěi )鎬(🆒)栫數褰(🖋)辩(🌎)殑(🏧)绱(✋)犳(☝)潗褰诲(huì )簳(😤)缁堢粨(🐳)浜嗕紬涓嶅悓鐨勬亹鎬栫數褰辩殑寮濮嬨p
杩欓儴(xiāng )浣(😅)滃搧寰堜笉(qǐ(🤝)n )閿欏(📺)湴鍏蜂綋鎻忚堪浜嗗湪棰勫憡(👼)姝(🎀)讳骸(🕘)(hái )鐨勬儏鍐典笅鍐嶆(cáo )鍑虹幇(bāng )鐨勪(jué )汉(hàn )绫诲績(💡)鐞嗗拰鎭愭儳(🚍)銆p
涓庢(zhì )鐩(🕞)歌薄鐨勭(dòng )數褰(qiān )辨(🥏)湁闊(🐸)浗(qiú )濂虫(🚊)槦(yōng )娌虫櫤濯涘彜瑁呯數(🕗)褰辩殑(📊)楝奸搩銆p
9閫(kǔn )冨嚭缁濆懡闀h1閫冨嚭(🌓)缁濆懡闀囨槸涓(👜)閮尯(🧓)濂(lián )界殑(🎭)鍦拌(⛓)鐜板嚭(🎞)浜嗙绉(🥂)樼殑(🍈)(qíng )鎰熻涓婂拰鍙曞湴鐨(fèi )勪綔(hù(⏳) )鍝(yú(🤒) )併p
閫冨嚭(😀)缁濆懡闀(hòng )囧湪娴(🈴)峰(🧡)棰濆浜嗗緢楂樼(🔮)殑(🍑)(qí(🗝)ng )浜(🚥)烘皵銆p
寰堝鎭愭栫數褰(🏅)卞(biàn )彲鏄湁鐫浜轰滑鐨(fèi )勬浜紝鏉浜烘晠浜嬶紝浣嗙數褰便婇冨嚭缁濆懡闀囥嬪嵈灞曠幇浜嗗畬鍏湁(chì )鎵涓(📴)嶅悓(📑)鐨(🍥)勬亹(wěi )鎬栵紝褰(🤚)辩墖浠1涓栫邯(hán )浜哄彛璐崠鍜岄(🔴)粦(lín )浜(bā(👽)ng )哄闅跺寲鐨勫彲鎬曠礌(lě(🆕)i )鏉愶紝鏄病鏈(⏲)夐渿澶姩鍦(🧘)扮殑澹伴(🙏)煶鍜屾畫閰疯鑵殑鏉浜哄満闈(wéi )紝(rèn )浣嗘瀬鍏(💘)剁(🍃)簿褰睍绀哄嚭浜(bāng )嗘(🎪)亹鎬栥p
10瑙(🖌)侀
鐢靛奖瑙侀浜嗘槸(⬇)2002骞村浗鍐呬(🦐)笂(🈵)鏄犵殑浣滃搧锛屾槸浠湡瀹炴(🕡)晠(🚗)浜(bāng )嬩(yú )负(fù )鍩虹鎬庝箞鍒朵(🐚)綔鐨勬(🤵)亹(wěi )鎬栫數褰(qiān )便(💲)p浠(xī(📇) )庤繖閮數褰辩殑鍘熷瀷鏉湅(🌜)锛(bēn )989骞9宀佺殑(qíng )鐜(🤱)插湪姣嶄翰鐨勫(fān )姖闃(🚨)讳笅锛屽湪娉板浗(qiú )鐨勪(🥌)竴(cūn )瀹剁溂绉戣繘(🍃)琛屼簡瑙掕啘绉绘(huì )鎵嬫湳(nǎn )銆傘p
瑙掕啘(🥠)鐨勪(🐳)富浜烘(hō(🌍)ng )槸涓涓湁鍚嶇(qū )殑宸笀(máng )锛(🍽)屽(🔸)湪(tuàn )娉板浗鏄伒(🛶)楠屽粬寤栨棤鍑(fù )犵殑鍚嶅帆甯堬紝浣嗗洜涓嶆槑(❌)鍘熷(zē(🕒)ng )洜(👣)鑷潃銆p
浣(huàn )嗕护浜洪(🐚)渿鎯婏紝浜茬溂鐩澒宸(🕺)笀(⛄)鑷潃姝荤(😷)殑(⛳)澶(🍩)鏁颁(bān )汉閮戒細鍥犲績鑴忓法鐥涜(dú )屾蹇(jiǎn )欍p
浣嗚繖浜涗釜浜(🤰)嬪疄瀵圭幉鑸硅埗(🛅)姒傝姣嶄翰(🔈)淇濆瘑锛岀(🙎)伒鍦笉浜嬪厛鐭檽(👓)鐨勬儏鍐典笅鎺彈(💲)浜嗗帆(📒)甯堢殑鐪肩潧绉(🛍)绘鍒般傘p
涓嶄箙鍚庯紝鐜插(🏮)拰濡堝(💺)(wō )涓(juān )璧(🌿)(bì )峰埌瀹堕(🏜)棬鍙殑鍏洯鏅(👆)氶鍚庢(🎣)暎(yìng )姝紝鍦鍗冧笂鐪(🔞)嬪埌婊(biǎo )韩鏄鐨勯(dān )珮璺熼(🖨)瀷銆p
鍑犲鍚(🏕)庯紝(rèn )閭釜鍏洯閲(🔪)屽(🍩)彂鐢(〽)熶簡(🙋)涓鍚嶅瀛愯鏉(shòu )鐨(✍)勬潃浜轰簨浠(xī(🅾) )躲p
鑷浠悗锛岀幉鏄庣櫧鑷繁(fán )鐪(lǔ )间(jiān )腑(⌛)鐨勫(🚶)够褰遍(🔴)鎰忕潃閭竴涓汉(hàn )鐨(fè(💯)i )勬(🧘)浜岄櫡鍏柉鐙備簡鎭愭儳娲(💳)炲簻(🚦)涔(💟)嬩腑銆p
鐜(duī )茶鍒颁竴涓粡(tóng )鑷繁鐨勫(🥑)瀛愭汉姘磋屼(😉)骸鍦板(bǎ(🎮)n )够褰憋紝(🐜)灏卞幓甯府浜嗗浜嬪疄锛屼絾閭瀛愬嵈涓嶆垜鐩镐(📊)俊锛(bē(🍇)n )屽彲鏄笉澶氫(qīng )箙閭瀛愭灉鐒跺(🔛)湪娴寸几(🈂)婧轰骸銆p
閭(lǘ )箣鍚庯紝(rèn )鐜茬湅瑙佸够褰变篃娌湁鍚(🕶)戜换浣曚汉璇达紝涓嶈繃(🕟)鑷繁闈欏欏湪瀹堕噷锛(😈)屼(🔮)笉涔呭悗鏉(😬)戦噷涔熻涓惧姙鐩涘搴(💳)嗗(🚡)吀锛岀幉鍙(hù(➖) )堢湅瑙佷簡鍦(😲)偅(🍜)涓簡(🏯)鍏镐(gǎo )笂寰(🤮)堝鏉戞皯鍥犲鐏屾(shēn )銆p
纭疄鍚戞潙姘戜滑閫熷洖(⏪)浜嗚繖(sǎn )涓浜(bā(🔴)ng )嬪疄锛屼絾涓诲(🤮)姙(🖐)鏂圭潃鎬細鐮村潖鏉戝(🤤)簞(🗽)(dān )搴嗗吀鑰岃浜烘(hōng )棤(cuò )瑙嗭紝涓嶄絾濞佽儊(👒)鐜茶濡傛灉涓嶆槸鍒板浼(🚓)犳挱娴(xiá(🔹)n )佽铚氳灏(🌷)变笉浼氶(zhěng )杩囩(yún )幉(🌩)鍜屽鐨(fè(📹)i )勫浜p
缁堜簬鎴愬姛(🎞)搴嗗吀涓捐搴(🆒)(qiān )嗗吀锛屼竴涓潚(📎)(xiāo )骞寸殑澶辫(🎬)浼氶犳(zhuó )垚鐓(😂)皵鐖嗙(bē(🎃)ng )偢锛屼細(🍽)閫犳垚涓鍗婂(🌁)(mián )乏鍙(hù )冲惂鐨(fèi )勬潙姘戞(jiá(🌐) )蹇欐垨(shǒu )琚(jū )儳(🎞)浼p
灞呮(qì )皯浠(💩)鏋滆杩欐槸鐜茬殑(🤶)(qí(🤵)ng )璇呭(yì )拻(huī )锛屾(🤑)兂璧跺(🛰)洖鐜茬(🛠)殑瀹(yuè )舵妸鐜叉媺涓嶅嚭鏉紝杩樿鍞湁鐜叉浜嗘墠鑳借(jiè )閿佽瘏鍜(🏬)
鍙(⛴)笉杩囧洖(🎡)瀹舵(duò(🖌) )潵(🍺)涓(juān )鐪嬶紝鍦簡鍏(💥)稿張寮濮嬪墠鐨勶(🎵)紝鐜(duī )插(😱)氨宸茬粡(🥥)鑷潃(xǐn )浜嗐p
鍥(📐)(qiè )犱负(fù(🤖) )鐜(duī )插烦缁忔(yì )槑(🆚)鐧介(🎼)偅浜涗釜浜轰滑鑲(🔭)畾涓(😣)嶄細鏀捐繃(🌴)鑷繁锛屽洜姝皢鑷(🎼)繁鐨勫案浣(huàn )撴(dūn )崘(lún )璧犵粰鏉戞(jiá(🐃) )皯(gǎn )锛屽甫璧板啓婊仺鐨勯仐(💅)涔紝鐜茬殑姣嶄翰(🦆)褰撴椂涔(🥑)熻窡浜嗙(bēng )幉鑷(🖍)饥韬骸鈥p
鐒跺悗璁彲鐜(duī )茬殑瑙掕啘绉绘鐨勪汉涔熶細鍍(dù )忕幉(dié )涓(juān )鏍风湅鍒板(📽)够(🛸)褰憋紝缁堜(liàn )簬(lù(✊) )鏈嶆瘨鑷潃銆p
10骞村(📽)悗鐢靛奖(jiǎ(🎁)ng )瀵兼(🗄)紨褰彂銆佸江椤哄(🚱)惉鐫杩欎簺鏁呬(⛹)簨鍚庡(🍓)埗(bù(🚣) )鍋(guō )氱(yǎng )殑鐢靛奖閭氨鏄嘲鍥界増(🛌)鐨(fèi )勬椿瑙(🦑)侀銆p
姣(😥)掑拻銆佺寷楝煎拻(🐩)銆佸吇楝笺(jiān )佽楝笺(👙)侀噾铓曢檷(👇)銆(🧗)佽(🔍)壊闄嶃佹垜鐖辩嫄鐙哥簿銆侀(xíng )瓟銆佽泭銆佽鍜掋(🎐)佸(huó )案(🥒)濡栥佺楝笺(jiān )7骞撮檷(mí )澶淬(♉)5骞撮檷(mí )澶淬佸崐鏆(📉)归檷(🚄)銆侀偑绯诲(🚓)(huì )垪銆佸(huó )濂抽(⛱)檷銆佹补楝煎瓙(🧟)銆侀槾(🕡)闃抽鑳庛佽鑳庢(📱)崲楠佺寷楝(📜)艰(jiā(⛽)n )揩(🈚)浜恒佽壋缁(🐝)涘(sì )嬀榄傘佽繍(xiù(🤚) )璐(lù(✋) )櫤澶氭槦佸(🐋)嬀(🔡)榄傞檷(mí )澶淬侀澶(🛂)撮瓟(bó )濂炽佸崈骞(🐙)撮瓟(👜)鐣屻(rè(😩)n )佸(🙈)師鎸緺涓(juān )庡崼鏂悊銆(🥚)佸(huó )崡(🗼)娲嬪崄澶偑鏈佸崡娲嬬(🧡)涓閭檷(mí )銆佺榄傞鍏富銆侀(🎴)硠闄嶃(zhǎn )佽寘灞(bà )辨枟(yùn )闄嶅銆佷(✨)汉铦庡鎴(🖖)樸佹瘨(🐉)铔(🥥)娿佸帀(zā )楝煎皢(🚩)鏄犮p