1鎴戜滑
杩欐槸鏄粠(🌹)鐢靛奖(jiǎng )銆婇冨嚭缁(🔵)濆懡闀囥嬪(🐠)紩璧(🐏)峰法(✝)澶弽鍝(🍿)嶇(🛂)殑(qíng )瀵(fèn )兼紨涔斾(pè(😾)i )腹路(💑)鐨(🍋)皵鐨勭浜(🐡)岄(yuè )儴(xiā(🏧)ng )浣(🍄)滃搧銆p2灏稿彉(guō )
1989骞存棣(🌎)栨鍥藉(jiè )唴涓(🔊)婃槧鍚庯(bū )紝鏄(tuán )鎭愭(🎥)栫(jiàn )數褰辫糠鐨勬(🐎)杩(mà(🥃) )庯(bū )紝鑷(💲)繁鍒朵(👃)綔浜閮p2013骞寸炕(kàng )鎷嶆寮忎笂鏄(💲)犲悗锛屾(🚂)穻婕撳敖鑷村湴灞曠幇(🏫)浜嗕笌鍓嶄(🌱)綔杩(🆙)劧涓嶅悓鐨勬亹鎬栨劅銆p
鐢靛奖鐨勬晠浜嬫儏鑺傚苟涓嶇揣寮狅紝浣嗕細(🛬)鍙堝嚭鐜板緢(máo )澶氭畫閰风殑鍦洪潰(🏕)锛(bēn )屾墍浠垜鎴戝缓(🦉)璁(cōng )綘蹇冭剰杈冨急鐨勪汉(🔬)瑕佹(guī )敞鎰(🐎)忓啀(🦏)鐪嬨p
3鍝(yú )常(cháng )濂充(chōng )汉鐨勮瘏鍜h1涓庡彲浠仛(🤚)鍒扮殑鎭愭(😤)栫墖鐩告瘮婕斿(🕒)憳浠(xī )穻婕撳敖鑷村湴灞曠幇浜嗕笉(qǐ(🏮)n )涓嶆嫎鐨勬晠浜嬫瀯鎴愬拰楂樿秴鐨勬妧鑹虹殑(♓)婕(🥛)旀妧銆p
姣旇緝鍠滄(⏪)瀹夐瓊椋庢牸鐨勭數褰变汉鑲(🐁)畾浼氶櫡鍏(🚑)湴鐙辫浣滃(wēng )搧鐨勯瓍鍔涗腑銆p
4娣卞(🖥)叆缁濆湴
杩欓儴浣滃搧(shān )浠富瑙掑拰鏈嬪(🕶)(pín )弸(🎫)浠嫭鑷(🐬)梾琛(chēn )屾椂(✅)(lù )鍦礊绌翠腑杩(👰)疯(🎲)矾(👝)鐨勫満闈氨寮(🚫)濮嬨p浠礊绌翠负鑳屾櫙(〰)锛屽(🚸)皢鎭愭栨皼鍥存洿澶寲锛(🥎)屽(àn )垵(ǎ(🥕)n )娆粡鍘嗗(🔍)皝闂亹(wěi )鎯棁鐨(🦑)勪汉涓嶉傚悎瑙(😊)傜湅(làn )銆p
5闃撮(🤬)闃甸樀(dí )
闃撮闃(🐸)甸樀鍘熻(xī )憲鏄977骞存墠涓(juān )婃(🐇)槧鐨勪綔鍝佺(quá(👭)n )劍(jiàn )韬佷(hěn )笉瀹夈p2018骞寸敱鍗崱路鏍艰揪鎴(xí )堝(😼)凹(🏩)璇(🔩)哄婕(jié )旇缈(miǎ(🏍)o )绘媿鎵(👴)嶄笂鏄狅紝(⛩)寰楀(yǔ )埌浜嗘亹(🎄)鎬(⏰)栫埍濂借(jiè )呯殑娆吘(ǒu )鍙嶅(🐭)簲(🍣)銆p
鐢靛(💾)奖鏁呬簨鏄紝鏇垮(kuǎ )垰鍒氳(🔭)繘(🚒)鍏垶(🏛)韫(🖌)堝闄紝(rè(🍇)n )浠庣編鍥藉(🍫)洖(👲)鍒版煆鏋(mǎn )楃殑鑻忚鍦偅閲(🧟)(yuè )屾(🍻)墍閬(🥌)囧埌鐨勪(jué )护浜烘瘺楠倸鐒跺拰寮烘倣(👯)(fǎng )鐨勭(dò(🧀)ng )粡楠屼(⚡)负鍩(tiǎn )虹灞(bà )曞紑(🎂)銆p
浠壊鎰熷拰璁捐銆佺(♒)収(🚢)鏄庣瓑浜(🕓)氶閫婄殑瑙(nǎo )嗚鏁堟灉钀犲(📈)嚭鏋佸叾(🦎)鎭愭栫殑姘涘洿銆(👈)p
6瀹(😉)夊(👐)璐濆(🏤)皵3锛(bēn )堥(máo )濞冨(🎟)洖瀹讹級(🐭)
鍐典笖(👣)鏄(tuán )病鏈夌湅杩囪繖閮(tíng )綔鍝侊紝涔(💶)(cén )熶細鏈(🍆)夊(💭)緢澶氫汉鍚(📼)杩囧畨濞滆礉灏旈偅(zhòng )涓悕瀛椼(yǎ(🌠)n )p浠(🌫)(xī )伓鐏(💩)典笅韬殑鐜伓瀹夊璐濆皵(🐂)涓虹(🧥)礌鏉愬(😘)埗(bù )鍋氱殑杩欓儴褰辩墖锛屽(🕉)湪鍥藉唴(🙄)涔(🐰)熸嫢鏈夋(🥡)暟鍗(tí )冪矇涓濈兢銆(mò )p
7瀛(🔛)効鎬(👟)h1瀛効鎬繖閮綔鍝佽浜嗕(🎧)簡娴佷骇绗(🕓)笁鑳庣(tiāo )殑澶鎵句汉棰嗗(🛁)吇9宀佸皯濂(💚)冲悗绐佺劧鍙戠敓鐨勪簨(🏼)浠躲p
涓讳汉鍏紛鑾庤礉鎷壜峰紬灏旀浖(liè )浠粏鑵绘煍婊(📰)戠(🦃)殑婕(🐕)旀妧鍜(☝)屽弽杞殑鏁呬簨(zhuàn )鍏呭垎灞曠幇浜嗘绁炴亹鎬(gǎo )栥p
杩(mà(🍔) )欐(🚦)槸灞曢湶鍑(🔮)洪兘鏄亣鐨勬紨(fū )鎶鐨勪紛鑾(🚃)庤(🕯)礉鎷壜峰紬灏旀浖(📽)鐨勫(🌤)(fān )舰鎬佽疆(⌛)寤撲(pū )綔鍝侊紝瑕(💀)(xiá )佹(guī )槸(🕊)(yì )寰堝枩娆亹(wěi )鎬(📌)栨(😅)儕(chái )鎮(🗄)氱墖鐨勮瘽鑾悕(🥛)鎺崘缁欏瀹躲p
8楝(liàn )兼潵鐢(📡)h12000骞翠唬鍒濇(💢)湡(yú )鎴戜滑鏃父鐢熸椿蹇(jiǎn )呴闅(🌌)忚(liě )韩鎼哄甫鐨勬墜鏈轰笅涓鐣(zhǎng )屾亹鎬(gǎo )栫(🔽)數(🔹)褰辩殑(🌡)绱(🚋)犳(💎)潗褰(qiān )诲(💗)(huì )簳(🎥)缁堢粨浜嗕紬涓嶅(áo )悓鐨勬亹鎬栫數(🛌)褰辩殑寮濮嬨p
杩欓儴浣(🚉)滃搧寰堜笉閿欏湴鍏(🚊)蜂綋鎻忚堪(kān )浜(🍍)嗗湪棰勫(🚖)憡姝讳骸(💻)鐨勬儏鍐典(😡)笅(jiǎ(♋)o )鍐嶆(cáo )鍑虹幇鐨(🍓)勪汉绫诲績鐞嗗拰鎭(zhēn )愭(qí )儳銆(mò )p
涓(juān )庢鐩歌薄(báo )鐨勭數褰辨湁闊浗濂虫(🔷)(chóng )槦娌虫櫤濯涘彜(yí )瑁呯數(shù )褰辩殑楝奸搩銆p
9閫冨嚭(🛺)缁濆懡闀h1閫冨嚭缁(🌝)濆懡闀(hòng )囨槸涓閮尯濂界殑鍦拌(bàn )鐜(duī )板嚭(🦐)浜嗙绉樼(zhēn )殑鎰(yì )熻(xī )涓婂拰鍙(🏦)曞(lì )湴鐨(🤧)勪綔鍝(😩)併p
閫冨嚭缁(㊙)濆懡闀囧湪娴峰棰濆浜嗗緢楂樼殑浜(bāng )烘(🦐)皵銆p
寰堝鎭(zhēn )愭栫(jiàn )數褰卞彲鏄湁(chì )鐫浜轰滑(💰)鐨勬浜紝鏉浜烘晠(🥎)浜嬶紝浣嗙數褰便婇(🐅)冨嚭缁(💃)濆懡闀囥嬪嵈灞曠幇浜(bāng )嗗(🦇)畬鍏湁鎵涓嶅(🖕)悓(qiàn )鐨勬亹(🗳)鎬栵紝褰(qiān )辩墖浠1涓(🚫)栫邯(hán )浜哄(🌳)彛璐(🛳)崠鍜岄粦浜哄闅(☝)跺寲鐨(🐈)(fè(♟)i )勫彲鎬(gǎo )曠礌(lěi )鏉愶(🥫)紝鏄病鏈夐(xuàn )渿澶姩鍦扮殑澹(dàn )伴(🤥)(bàn )煶(📆)鍜屾畫閰(👱)疯鑵殑(qíng )鏉浜哄満(📤)闈(🥌)紝浣嗘瀬鍏剁簿褰(qiān )睍(xiàn )绀哄(hǒng )嚭(🐏)(pǐ )浜嗘亹鎬栥p
10瑙侀
鐢(🌇)靛奖瑙侀浜嗘槸2002骞(🈲)村浗(🏙)鍐呬笂(🥈)鏄犵殑浣滃搧锛屾(📪)(shēn )槸浠(🙇)湡瀹炴晠浜嬩负鍩(🛂)虹鎬庝(tó(🏢)ng )箞鍒朵綔(🙉)鐨(fèi )勬亹鎬栫數褰便(👅)p浠庤(zhì )繖閮數褰(💘)辩殑鍘熷(zēng )瀷鏉湅锛989骞(📔)9宀佺(🆙)(quán )殑(🌞)鐜插湪姣嶄翰鐨(⛽)勫(fān )姖闃讳笅锛屽湪娉板浗鐨勪(jué(🔹) )竴(cū(📈)n )瀹剁溂(🛣)绉戣繘琛屼(⛏)簡(👣)瑙掕啘(🎉)绉绘鎵嬫湳銆傘(🔟)p
瑙掕啘鐨勪(🧛)富浜烘槸(yì )涓涓湁鍚嶇(🐣)殑宸笀(🗝)锛屽湪娉板浗(qiú )鏄伒楠屽粬寤栨(cì )棤(🦉)鍑(😡)犵殑(🔥)鍚嶅(㊙)帆甯堬紝浣嗗(🌷)洜涓(🐐)嶆槑鍘熷洜鑷潃銆p
浣嗕护(🌜)浜洪渿(🗿)鎯婏(👻)紝浜茬溂鐩澒(hòng )宸笀鑷潃(🤗)姝荤(🤕)殑澶鏁颁汉閮(tíng )戒細鍥犲(🚪)績鑴忓法鐥涜屾蹇欍(jou )p
浣(huàn )嗚(🚱)繖浜涗釜浜嬪疄瀵圭幉鑸(lěi )硅埗姒傝姣嶄(🍒)翰淇(qí )濆瘑锛岀伒鍦笉(⏫)浜嬪厛鐭檽(📁)(nòu )鐨勬(🏊)儏鍐典笅鎺彈浜嗗帆甯堢殑鐪(🎒)肩潧绉绘鍒般傘(😤)p
涓嶄箙鍚庯紝(♍)鐜插拰濡堝涓璧峰埌瀹堕棬鍙殑鍏洯(🐒)鏅氶鍚庢暎姝紝鍦鍗冧(mín )笂(🔺)鐪嬪埌婊韩鏄鐨勯珮璺熼瀷(🈂)(yì )銆p
鍑犲鍚庯紝閭釜(💍)鍏(🧐)洯(🧚)閲(⏱)屽彂鐢熶簡涓鍚嶅瀛愯(sǒng )鏉(🌗)鐨勬(🖐)潃浜(👑)轰簨(🍞)浠躲p
鑷浠(👣)悗锛岀幉鏄(tuán )庣櫧鑷繁鐪间腑鐨勫够(gòu )褰(qiān )遍鎰忕潃閭竴涓汉鐨勬浜岄櫡(zhù )鍏柉鐙(📅)備簡鎭愭儳娲炲簻涔嬩腑(🈴)銆p
鐜茶鍒颁竴涓粡鑷繁鐨勫瀛愭(qí )汉姘磋屼骸鍦板(😌)够褰憋紝(🛌)灏(😽)卞幓甯府浜嗗浜(bā(♿)ng )嬪疄锛屼(🔭)絾閭(lǘ )瀛愬嵈涓嶆垜鐩镐(🏯)俊(👪)锛屽彲鏄笉(🛑)(qǐ(💀)n )澶氫箙(🎲)閭瀛愭灉鐒跺湪娴(xián )寸几(😎)婧轰骸銆p
閭(😑)箣鍚(🤳)庯紝鐜(⏸)茬湅瑙佸够褰变篃娌湁鍚(🐓)戜(dié )换(🏠)浣曚(méng )汉璇达紝涓(juān )嶈繃(🚧)鑷繁(⬜)闈欏欏湪瀹堕噷锛屼笉涔呭(💳)悗鏉(shòu )戦噷涔熻涓惧(🏛)(jù )姙鐩涘搴嗗吀(🕉)锛(🔜)岀幉(㊗)鍙(⭕)堢(bǎ(🌅)o )湅瑙佷簡鍦偅(⛰)涓簡鍏(🦐)镐笂寰堝鏉戞皯(🥃)鍥(qiè )犲鐏屾銆p
纭(yún )疄(🧞)鍚戞潙姘戜滑閫熷(zēng )洖浜嗚繖涓浜嬪(🎑)疄锛屼絾涓诲姙鏂(🍁)圭潃鎬細鐮村潖鏉(😎)戝(😪)簞搴嗗吀(miē )鑰岃浜烘棤瑙(👿)嗭(👄)紝涓嶄絾濞(bì )佽儊鐜(🚍)茶濡傛灉涓嶆槸鍒板浼犳挱娴佽铚氳灏变笉浼(💑)氶杩囩(yún )幉鍜屽(àn )鐨(🚁)勫浜p
缁(zī(🗒) )堜(➕)簬(lù )鎴愬姛搴嗗吀涓捐搴嗗(wā )吀锛(🎨)屼竴(🍇)涓潚骞寸殑澶辫浼氶(🕓)犳垚(⛓)鐓(dūn )皵鐖(☕)嗙(bēng )偢锛屼細閫犳垚涓鍗(🚐)婂乏鍙冲(chōng )惂鐨勬潙姘戞蹇欐垨琚儳浼p
灞呮皯(gǎn )浠鏋滆杩欐(lǐ )槸鐜茬(chá(🤥) )殑(🤵)璇呭拻锛屾兂璧跺洖(wú )鐜茬(chá )殑(qíng )瀹舵妸鐜叉媺涓嶅嚭鏉紝杩樿鍞湁鐜叉浜嗘墠鑳借(🚕)閿佽(🗳)瘏(💍)(tú )鍜
鍙笉(⏭)(qǐn )杩囧洖(wú(⛺) )瀹舵(duò )潵涓(♎)鐪(lǔ )嬶紝鍦(shī )簡鍏(🍈)稿張寮濮嬪墠鐨勶紝(🏠)鐜插(chā(🍈) )氨宸茬粡(🌠)(tóng )鑷(🤺)潃(xǐn )浜嗐p
鍥(🐦)犱负(fù(🎻) )鐜插烦缁忔槑鐧介(🚀)偅浜涗(🎼)釜浜(🍔)轰滑鑲畾涓嶄細鏀捐(🔖)繃鑷繁锛屽洜(luò(👳) )姝皢(xiǎo )鑷繁鐨勫(fān )案(àn )浣撴崘(🐨)璧犵粰鏉戞皯(gǎn )锛屽甫璧(🐈)板啓(🐛)婊仺(chuà(🕟)ng )鐨勯仐涔紝鐜(🖋)茬殑姣嶄翰褰(🈺)撴椂涔熻(🔘)窡浜(🐸)嗙幉(🌊)鑷(niè )饥韬骸鈥(🔄)(huǒ )p
鐒跺悗璁彲鐜茬(chá )殑瑙掕啘绉绘鐨勪汉涔熶細鍍忕幉涓鏍(🔴)风(🙏)湅鍒板够褰憋紝缁堜簬鏈嶆(cáo )瘨鑷潃銆p
10骞(🥋)村(🈶)悗鐢靛(🦐)奖瀵(💦)兼(📜)紨褰彂銆佸江椤哄惉鐫杩欎簺(🕐)鏁呬簨鍚庡(yǐ )埗鍋氱殑鐢靛(🦕)奖閭氨鏄嘲鍥界増鐨勬椿(🦏)瑙侀銆p
姣(🎖)掑拻銆(🆔)佺寷楝煎拻銆佸(🖤)吇(jí )楝笺(🛫)佽楝笺侀(📕)噾铓曢檷(🤱)銆(✴)佽(🕞)壊闄嶃佹垜鐖辩嫄鐙哥簿(🌖)(bù )銆侀瓟銆佽泭(🛵)銆佽鍜掋佸案(🎛)濡栥佺(quán )楝笺(🏼)7骞撮檷澶淬5骞撮檷澶淬佸(🎴)崐鏆(guàn )归檷銆(🍪)侀偑绯(💜)(fēi )诲垪銆佸濂抽檷銆佹补楝煎瓙銆(mò )侀槾闃抽鑳庛佽鑳(🐢)庢崲楠佺寷楝艰(😅)揩浜恒佽壋缁涘嬀(guī(🖲) )榄傘(sǎn )佽繍璐櫤澶氭槦(🤖)佸嬀榄傞(suō )檷澶(😱)淬侀(✝)澶(chán )撮瓟(😶)濂炽佸崈(chóng )骞撮瓟(bó )鐣屻佸(huó )師鎸緺涓庡(📘)崼鏂悊銆佸(🛂)崡娲嬪(🎌)崄澶(✨)偑鏈佸崡娲嬬涓(♈)閭檷(🔒)銆(🧙)佺榄傞鍏(🛀)富銆(😮)侀硠闄(🌑)嶃佽(📖)寘灞辨枟(yùn )闄(🤓)嶅銆(🔷)佷汉铦庡鎴樸佹瘨铔娿(ē(😆) )佸(🥨)帀(🕦)楝煎(jiān )皢鏄犮p